Media Ethics for Online and Social Media

Media Ethics for Online and Social Media ETHICS for ethical media practices in the context of Online and Social Media Introduction The Online and Social Media constitute the major component of the life of people in terms of news, information exchange, gathering information, banking, shopping etc., Unlike the traditional media, in spite of restrictions is the usage of Online media well within the stipulated regulations and ethical? Does interacting in Social media cause social, regulatory , commercial and legal issues? How far is the awareness among the public on the ethical backgrounds, the principles governing this media and the regulations? This paper analyzes the ethics along with the standards and regulations. Online and Social Media Media is a term which represented the print the radio in the olden times. With the growth of technology many other media have emerged based on the internet. Most recently, with the invention of smart phones the media has broadened its scope or it can be viewed as the media has witnessed a new dimension to reach mass audiences. Ethics The increase in the internet usage and the internet access in computers as well as mobile phones and smart phones have vitalized the growth of Social the Online Media. Official UAE census data of Global Media Journal estimates Internet penetration at 82.2%, which is higher than in the United States. The social media is a common platform for information exchange. The reach in multitude makes it necessary for the ethics to be followed. Media Ethics was once considered a quality to be followed by the journalists and the reporters. But today it becomes important for each and every individual making use of Social and Online Media to be ethical. This paper analyzes the extent of ethics that is being adapted. 3.1. Ethics on Online Social media The Online Social media is a platform which is common to one and all. Our personal network, our professional network or any other unknown sources constitute the audience of the Social media. The journalists or the reporters are responsible for the content delivered through the Print or the Broadcasting media. But when it comes to the Social Online media every individual who shares information becomes responsible. NPR Ethics handbook, 2012 states that the probability of access to the internet is also high owing to the cost reduction .Most importantly, the frequency of usage of the social media is very high. Hence the probability of disclosing unethical content is relatively high. 3.2. Ethics on Social, Commercial, Legal, Regulatory and Cultural factors The Online and the Social Media have a direct impact on the society. The information sharing and the freedom of access with anyone and everyone has definitely shaked the institution of a family. The frequent update of information on the growth and achievements cause an internal stress for the segment of the society that has not witnessed growth at all or a relative growth. The reach to the Mass has interested many of the commercial institutions to utilize the Social Media for their business development and marketing. This has opened more doors to any business but at the same time presents a huge competition. According to NPR ethics handbook (2012 ),the society has no way to estimate or to analyze the genuinity of the information or the authenticity of the company as information comes with an unknown author. Consequently, the fake information posted about a specific company or brand on the Social media could also lead to legal problems. Every individual has a close group of friends/ relatives, the next level would be professional friends and then the acquaintances, employers etc., The level of intimacy and the extent of information sharing is not the same in each level. The unnecessary information sharing also is unethical. According to Vallor,Shannon (2012) as employees of an organization, they have a limit in disclosing the information pertaining to the company, the products etc., to be ethical in their approach. The Online and Social media are used by the employees to voice out their personal opinions on the products/ regulations etc., which is unethical. Individuals have their own likes, dislikes, interests and these personal preferences could result in bias towards the people, products, organizations. This bias could either be positive or negative and this is used to influence the people in the Online and Social Media. The children and the teenagers have started using the Social and the Online Media. The Social media has age restrictions but the extent to which it is being followed is highly uncertain. The Wikipedia (2014) states that the personal and confidential information is being disclosed without awareness and they are being preyed upon by the people engaged in unwanted activities resulting in sexual abuse. The elders, in the other hand, are connected to the media through the electronic gadgets and seldom find time for their family. The Online and Social Media give way to cross culture . Cross culture is a salient feature in terms of business but at the same time has a negative impact on the society. Wail. A. Barry, Gwen Bouvier (2011) state that the private or intimate information is brought to public by the unethical use of social media . Every country has a culture, belief structure , values, religion associated with it. The Social Media enhances the awareness of various cultures , religions but sometimes the cultural difference could create an impact on the society. What is correct in a country may seem to wrong in the other country. Ethics in the world UAE. The Online and Social media have kept the whole world connected throughout and has facilitated information exchange, information updation etc,. but at the same time the ethical factors like freedom ,integrity, secrecy are not measurable. In an interview ( 9news.com, 2014) Linda Chandears, President of Daniels Fund states that the children use Social media without proper awareness and get into problems which persist for their lifetime. Also Elliott ( 9news.com, 2014) underlines the fact that Social media came into existence without proper regulations and has been the prime cause of cyber crimes. The information or images posted by the people themselves and sometimes by the peer group has completely shattered the personal and also professional lives. This calls for practicing ethics both in the personal and professional lines and to maintain appropriateness whilst using Social Media .The awareness to maintain ethics in the Social media as well has started and people have started evolving their social media practices . In the UAE, the country as a whole is well connected digitally .The survey indicated 78% of the country’s population had regular Internet access, and that almost half had an account on a social media websites (ibid ). UAE has its own laws and ethics with respect to religion, culture, traditions , beliefs etc.,A TRA person in his interview to UAE Emirates Business 24-7 that any social media that allows interaction without disturbing the country and fellowmen mentally or physically with respect to their values will be allowed. The other sites which cause harm or degrade the society as a whole or specifically children, women etc., are blocked. These studies reveal that the Social and online media are equally gaining predominance in the UAE too and the factors governing media ethics have to be given significant importance too. Principles and standards The basic factors that have to be considered when using a Social Media constitute the principles of Social Media. Jon Reed (2014) describes the information that is delivered in the social media needs to be authentic as it is viewed by the community and cannot be misleading. Social media can be used for marketing but the basic approach towards the social media and the other traditional media has to be different. Building a community in the social media is a lengthy process and more importantly earning reliability as well as trust worthiness is the clue to success. The results in the case of a social media marketing does not happen immediately and the kind of waiting is worth it. The ICCO (2011) clearly specifies that the Social media has been in action for quite some years now and cannot continue in the trial period . The norms have to clear and factual for the customers . The control over the social media and the social media marketing will only enhance confidence on the media. The criteria have to be designed after getting inputs across the line. Different criteria with different standards puzzle the customer and it is time to break various criteria and dwell on a single factor. This helps easier understanding and the results can also be well monitored . This standardization helps in understanding the Social media in complete and to develop and invent methods for the better future. This standardization helps in Social media becoming a constitutive part of the company’s marketing agenda. Overcoming the shortcomings or the misleading factors of the Social media helps in getting utmost clarity and to boost the customers’ confidence levels. In the recent past many companies have been engaged in the tracking of social media basically to understand the functioning and the outcome. These companies also are deriving methods to measure the output levels to improve the marketing strategies or to establish innovative methods for brand building. The Social media sites , their reach, the accuracy, the relative momentum, the passion attached to the sites etc., are analyzed to formulate scientifically measurable marketing processes. The opportunity in the Social media is commendably high owing to the omnipresence , the universal acceptance and the extreme passion attached to them.The challenge is to develop a unique solution to meet the specific needs of the cus tomer rather than standardizing. The traditional media have specific methods to measure the reach, frequency etc., whereas the Social media is yet to develop exact methods The recent aids used in close monitoring are Attending closely/Tracking Social interaction study Impacting study/ focusing Competing standards Website Usage study Network traffic/ topic analysis Quest Analysis Inclination study The methods seem to be simple but it is actually not owing to multiple factors that influence Social Media. The organizations using social media need clarity in the objective and the result expected for the companies to reach a consensus as to accordingly develop a strategy. Appraising the characteristic perspective and in terms of size and number are equally important for accuracy in results. These methods inspect the groups and the interaction perspective to clearly analyze and measure returns. The success of social media depends on the group size and the person who can lead the group. But the probability of accessing the groups and the members is very low. More importantly the openness of the individuals and the extent to which they will stand by the opinion is still a controversy. These aids and methods have to be tested over time to attain accurate methods. The false notion of most of the companies is measuring outcome by counting the number of likes in a social media. The number of likes even though indicates the number of people who actually visited the site is not an accurate way of audited reach. The key is to understand what percentage of the total people who have visited the site would fall into the potential targeted audience and the skill lies in identifying the same. Edelman Berland (2014) states that the organizations are not aware of the trends in Social Media and yet are much interested to be present in Social media  to stick on to the technological upgradations. They look out for advice from adepts in the field and subsequently demand clarity in the methods used. The global need is to develop standards and continuous work has been in progress. Conclusion From the time Social media came into existence, there has not been much ethics in the Online and Social Media. The factors like Social impact on the society, cyber crimes , Social media marketing have started focusing on the importance of the Ethics. The regulations in place require an updation based on the developments in technology. There are specific instances where the existing laws require amendments . These ongoing changes in laws, regulations can be monitored closely. The need for global standards and the regulations for the social media has been understood and the organizations are thriving to get advice on the Social media trends and processes. These standards in a global level will definitely create a benchmark in the Social and the Online Media. 6. References Vallor,Shannon 2012, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-social-networking/ Sharlyn Lauby, 2012, Ethics and Social Media: Where Should You Draw The Line?  http://mashable.com/2012/03/17/social-media-ethics/ Global Media Journal Arabian Edition Summer/Fall  Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 3-27 , Use of Social Media in the United Arab Emirates  http://www.gmj-me.com/gmj_custom_files/volume1_issue2/articles_in_english/volume1-issue2-article-3-27.pdf Social Media in Wikipedia  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media Stats.ae by Fish Eye Analytics, 2013  http://www.stats.ae/UAE-Facebook-Stats McAfee, Parent’s Guide to Social Networking Sites  http://www.mcafee.com Jon Reed, 2014, 7 Principles of Social Media Marketing  http://www.getuptospeed.biz/2013/09/7-principles-of-social-media-marketing/ Tim Marklein, Practice Leader, Technology Analytics, WCG; Co-chair, Council of PR Firms Measurement Committee,Katie Delahaye Paine, founder and CEO of KDPaine Partners LLC ,Richard Bagnall, MD Metrica, Director Gorkana Group, 2011, ICCO Moving Towards Global Standards for Social Media Measurement, http://amecorg.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Workshop-G.pdf Edelman Berland, Blog, https://www.edelmanberland.com/social-media-2/coalition-aims-to-establish-global-standards-for-social-media-measurement/ Nelson Garcia, KUSA , 2014, 9news.com   http://www.9news.com/story/tech/2014/10/24/daniels-fund-ethics-social-media/17862483/ NPR Ethics handbook, 2012, http://ethics.npr.org/tag/social-media/, Wail. A. Barry, Gwen Bouvier, 2011, Cross cultural Communication  http://www.academia.edu/1523380/Cross-cultural_Communication_Arab_and_Welsh_students_use_of_Facebook

Permanent Bonded Retainers After Braces Philosophy Essay

Permanent Bonded Retainers After Braces Philosophy Essay The next phase after braces: The moment you get your braces off then you move on to the next phase and that is of retainers. The role of the retainers is to help the teeth hold on to their new position and not move to their original position. This will help in correcting the overbite permanently. Removable retainers: Most orthodontist tend to give their patients removable retainers that they can have on all through the day. This is an essential part of the braces treatment. As soon as your braces come off what should go on are the retainers. The first three to six months is the most important time and this is the time wherein your teeth have a likelihood of moving back to their original position. This is the time that you should have your retainers on permanently day and night. The next phase: Once your orthodontist has examined the progress of the treatment, after the first six months of having the retainer on permanently they might recommend that you wear them only at night. This will go on for a long time and then finally, the orthodontist might advice you to wear the retainers only a few nights in a week. This takes several years and therefore you can look at the retainers as a permanent addition in your life. Keep your teeth in line: The thing about retainers is that they help the treatment and its efficacy to hold true. Once you have got your braces off and your teeth in line that is not the end of the treatment. What you need to do now is to go ahead and wear your retainers diligently as recommended by the dentist to ensure that your teeth do remain in line. What sense would it make to have spent so much of time and effort on your teeth and then let them slide back to their original position once again? What you will be left with is the overbite once again. Removable and permanent retainers: There are several different options in retainers that you could opt for. This allows you to be able to have retainers that are removable. You can also go for the invisalign retainers that help your teeth stay in line whilst you sleep. There are permanent retainers too but they are used on the bottom teeth. These are fixed on to your teeth and help in holding them together. This is an option used by the dentist in case of severe crowding of the teeth or most of the teeth being crooked. The orthodontist will use the retainers as they do not want to take the chances of a relapse in the teeth position occurring. Permanent versus removable: Most clients prefer to have removable retainers on. This not only gives them the flexibility of removing them for special occasions but allows them to brush and floss their teeth perfectly. It also allows them to keep a good hygiene routine. 5 Braces are Coming Off, but Teeth are Still Crooked? The concern that many patients have about the braces treatment is whether their teeth will be in line in a single row. The treatment usually takes them a year or two to go ahead and set the teeth right. There are several different orthodontist problems that people could have and depending on the kind of problem that you have, your braces will take that long to get your teeth in a straight line. However, if it is close to the time that your braces are going to be taken off and you still dont see your teeth in a straight row then you have a right to be concerned. At the next meeting with your orthodontist, go ahead and raise this question. The orthodontist will be able to answer your concerns correctly. An orthodontist is a specialist and he knows exactly how long the teeth will take to get into line. They have years of experience and expertise. They might also suggest a longer period of time for you to continue to keep the braces on. Dont be over critical of your teeth. There might be times that you might have visualized teeth that are all pearly white and in a neat tidy row. But, this might not be realistic taking several personal factors of your teeth in mind. Therefore, when you think of straight teeth go ahead and have a realistic visual in mine. Also, when you see your teeth without braces they might seem a little odd. Most orthodontist at this part of the treatment will go ahead and prescribe a retainer for you to wear. This will ensure that your teeth do not go back to their original places once again. You will be able to ask your orthodontist about a permanent or a removable retainer. These retainers will further help your teeth remain in a straight line and not move to their former position. A word of caution here, do not let go of your retainers or you are in for trouble. Your teeth will then slide back to their original position and all that you will have left behind is a waste of time and effort. The retainers will do a great service by holding the teeth in place. Therefore, the next time that you look in the mirror you will not find your teeth to be crooked. Just a few days without retainers, and you will have crooked teeth once again. Then you will have to start the treatment right from scratch. As soon as your dentist lets you know that your braces are going to be removed and you have a concern about your teeth looking crooked let them know right away. Then, the dentist will have a further closer look and decide whether the braces need to be kept on for a few more days. That should be able to make your teeth more aligned and in a straight line. 6 How Can You Get Braces off Sooner? Some people can be quite worried about the braces that they have on and wonder what could they do to get rid of them really soon. The quicker they are done with the treatment and the braces the better they will feel. They will be able to bare their teeth and smile without feeling the embarrassment of making the braces visible. Here are a few things that you can do to help your braces come off sooner. Hygiene: ensure that you maintain top notch oral hygiene at all times. Keep your teeth and mouth squeaky clean. You will be quite surprised to hear but the better hygiene that you follow more are the chances of your teeth sliding into the right position quickly. Do not eat hard food: the more hard food that you eat the more pressure you are going to put on your braces. This will make them work overtime. Whenever you have to eat hard food such as bread crusts, fruits and vegetables. It is a good idea, to chunk them into bite sized pieces and then eat them. Do not put anything in your mouth and chew on it. when you put things in your mouth such as pencils or pens you go on to damage your braces. This will make you have to go back to the orthodontist and the overall treatment time will be lengthened. Biting your nails: if you are in the habit of biting your nails or touching your teeth and elastic often then you will find that your braces shift position. This will be detrimental to the treatment and will take you a longer time to complete it. Also, these nervous habits are a good thing if you get rid of them. Foods to avoid: when you have your braces on avoid food that is sticky and sugary. It is going to stick on to your teeth and damage the braces. It might even cause severe tooth decay. Follow the orthodontists recommendations down to the last letter. When you have the braces on ensure that you do exactly as the orthodontist tells you to. Wear your braces and headgear diligently and for the right number of hours per day. Follow the cleaning instructions that the dentist gives you. This will help in being able to propel the treatment right ahead and get your braces off faster. Make certain that you keep the rubber bands at the right recommended tension. If you do all the right things then your braces are going to be off even before you know it. The good thing then is that you will have the kind of teeth that you have always wanted to and you will never hesitate to smile. Once your braces are off it will certainly be worth the wait. 7 What Color Braces will Make My Teeth Look White There are so many questions that a person has when they sign up for a braces treatment. One of the questions that are asked most often is how to make teeth look pearly white. If you are a teenager then it can be a good idea to get colored braces. They not only make the treatment more exciting for you but also go about and make your teeth appear whiter. There is an entire range of colors to choose from. Keep in mind that the color you choose suits your personality and your teeth as you will have to wear these braces for the next two years or so. If you arent sure which braces color will make your teeth look white then ask the dentist for a color wheel. This will give you a fair enough idea of the possible colors that you could choose from. Keep the color of your teeth in mind. Different people have different color of teeth. If your teeth are on the yellowish tinge then there might not be all colors that might look good on them. For yellowish colored teeth the best color for braces is silver or invisible. The darker colors on the braces make the paler teeth look whiter. This is one easy rule to remember when choosing your colored braces. The most often color that gets selected for colored braces are black. Try out the black braces first before you order them. Although no doubt that black braces will make your teeth look whiter than what they are because of the contrast they create, they will also go on to ensure that the braces look larger in your mouth than they actually are. Try out other colors that are equally as good as black such as dark blue and maroon. The contrast that they create, of the dark shade versus the light teeth make your teeth look pearly white. The color that you should certainly avoid on your braces is yellow. The yellow of the braces will go on to cast a yellow kind of shadow on your teeth. This will make teeth look yellowish rather than making them look whiter. When you choose clear braces be careful as they can get stained easily and reflect that color on to your teeth. Another good color that you could opt for your braces is red. Red makes the teeth appear far brighter. However, red might not suit all faces. On the other hand the color light blue not only suits all faces but is a good bet to make your teeth look whiter. Once you have decided the color for your braces the next step is to keep the color of your braces just the way as you first put them on. Some food such as tea or coffee can actually go on to discolor your braces. This in turn will make your teeth appear discolored and yellowish. Also, too much of acidic food will make the color in your braces to fade. 8 Hidden Braces is possible When you go to an orthodontist now you will be offered several options in the choice of braces and hidden braces are one amongst them. A few years ago this would have actually been unheard of. At that point of time, about five years from now, the most popular braces were ceramic ones. They were a far better option than the metallic ones but still they were visible and not hidden. Most people shy away from having braces on because of the way they will make them look. That is the number one fear of people when the orthodontist asks them to wear braces. But, now the braces are almost invisible. You need not worry about the ugly looking olden kind of braces in your mouth. The use of invisalign braces is the latest in braces technology. It ensures that you are able to use braces without the use of the ugly metal brackets. These invisalign cost a wee bit more than the other traditional braces but it is money worth spending. Without the metal brackets it will be hard to notice whether you have actually worn braces. The thing with invisalign is that they might not be suited for all patients and all kinds of teeth. If that is the case with your teeth then you can go on to consider the use of iBraces. These braces put brackets behind your teeth. This means that they are not visible from the outside. IBraces have become extremely popular and several athletes and celebrities have worn them to get their teeth in line. They are the perfect kind of hidden braces to get your teeth not only in line but also be able to smile without the ugly braces or metal brackets showing. They are perfect for people who are overly concerned about their looks. Also they are suitable for most people unlike the invisalign. As the demand for these kinds of braces increase more and more of them are being introduced in the market. There are newer versions of brackets being introduced in the market rather than the traditional metal or ceramic ones. These brackets are absolutely light and transparent which makes wearing of braces seem really nondescript. There are several different options in front of a patient in these days. If you are interested in hidden braces then go on and ask your doctor and they will recommend the right ones for you. This will allow you to hide your braces from the world. Also, based on the kind of budget that you have you will be able to choose the best option for yourself. However, people who have a grave case of overbite or under bite will have to stick to the traditional metal braces as they will be able to ensure that the teeth are in a straight line at the end of the treatment. The best thing about the latest technology being used in orthodontist is the use of clear braces. Based on this more and more companies are beginning to produce them. 9 Pregnancy and Braces pregnancy is one of the most wonderful phases in a womans life. At the same time when you look good you feel good too. It is important for the pregnant woman to not only look and feel good inside out as this will have a whole lot of impact on her well-being as well as that of her unborn child. When you have teeth that are in a straight line, there is no end to your smile. Therefore, if you have decided to have braces and discover that you are expecting a child, there is no reason to stop with your braces. Both of these can work as the most wonderful of life changing experiences for you. The right kind of smile can do a whole lot of wonderful things for your self-image and confidence. Why would you want to stop yourself from getting a wonderful smile and enhance the way you look? Once you have the braces on you need not have any medication or be on any special kind of diet. Therefore, this is going to work out perfectly for you. All that you might need to do is initially have soft food just after you have worn your braces. In fact, if you postpone your braces treatment for after the baby is born you might not have that much of time to take yourself to the orthodontist. At the same time there are some factors that need to be taken into consideration. The first trimester might make you feel nauseous all the time. This might get aggravated with the braces treatment that you might undergo. But, by the end of the first trimester the morning sickness is gone and that is when you can pursue the braces treatment. At times the braces treatment involves extraction of a tooth. This is not a dangerous practice as such but the X-ray done before that is to be avoided. Therefore, it is a good idea to let your orthodontist know right from the start if you are pregnant. If you suspect that you might be pregnant and are scheduled for an X-ray then wait out until you have confirmed the news. Now, the good news is that once you start the treatment for the braces during pregnancy, before you know it the baby will be born, you would have got back your svelte figure and a wonderful smile to boot along with it. This is certainly going to be like a new beginning phase for you. You wont be able to stop beaming and one wouldnt be sure if it is motherhood or the new smile that you have got. Look after your teeth well during pregnancy and there shouldnt be any concern at all. Braces during pregnancy are certainly no hassle at all. You might feel a bit sore and pain but that you would have even felt if you werent pregnant. Go on and make the most of the time that you have before the baby is born. 10 Braces On Bottom Jaw Only If you are one of those many people who have crooked teeth only on the lower jaw then you might need braces only for the lower one. However, most orthodontists will advise you to go ahead with the complete treatment which includes the lower and the upper jaw. This will ensure that all the teeth are brought into alignment and there are no gaps left in between. Also, this will correct the concern of over bite or under bite completely once and for all. The good news is that if your upper jaw teeth are all in a row then it wont take you a really long time to complete the treatment. But, it is certainly a good thing to have the braces placed on both the upper as well as the lower jaw. You could use different kinds of braces though on both the jaws. Go ahead and use metallic braces on the lower jaw as this will help them to straighten out faster and invisible invisalign or ceramic braces. The best thing to do is to consult an orthodontist. You might want to go to another orthodontist for a second opinion. They are the ones with the specialized knowledge and expertise in the domain of teeth straightening. This will ensure that you are certain that you will be able to get the best possible treatment for your teeth. There are several times that a gap in the lower front teeth might warrant braces. This can be set right within no time with the use of the right braces. A lot of people dont have perfect teeth and using braces is one of the best of ways to set it right. You will love the way your lower and upper jaw teeth will look after the treatment. There are several different braces that you could opt for. These braces and the right kind will be recommended by your dentist based on the condition of your teeth and what kind of treatment they warrant. Most people prefer to use lingual braces on the lower jaw and the upper jaw. This is because they are at the back of the teeth and hardly noticeable. These are the perfect kind for adult patients. The right kind of lower jaw braces will allow you to be able to go ahead and correct your overbite or under bite. You will find that your lower jaw teeth are no longer crooked and have fallen into a straight line. This will go on to make a whole lot of difference to your facial features as well as the way you bite and chew your food. Lower jaw crooked teeth can also affect the way you speak. All of this will be a thing of the past and you will be able to bare your teeth and smile all that you want. So, do not hesitate to go on and get braces for your lower jaw.

The Use of Force Essay -- Health Care

The Use of Force, written by William Carlos Williams is a story about a conflicted unnamed doctor using physical force to determine a diagnosis. The question that is brought up is whether or not the doctor’s use of force was one of ethical duty or infuriating violence. The doctor makes it his duty to save the patient, Mathilda as she does not cooperate he makes a choice to go on and use force to open her mouth to determine her diagnosis. The choice of using force isn’t necessarily the questionable part, the motive on using physical force is debatable. The ultimate question that the short story, the Use of Force asks is whether or not the doctor’s motives become one of dutiful compassion or desirable violence. As the story begins, the unnamed doctor is introduced as one who appears to be strictly professional. â€Å"Aas often, in such cases, they weren’t telling me more than they had to, it was up to me to tell them; that’s why they were spending three dollars on me.† (par. 3) The doctor leaves the first impression that he is one that keeps his attention about the job and nothing out of the ordinary besides stating his impressions on the mother, father and the patient, Mathilda. Though he does manage to note that Mathilda has a fever. The doctor takes what he considers a â€Å"trial shot† and â€Å"point of departure† by inquiring what he suspects is a sore throat (par. 6). This point in the story, nothing remains out of the ordinary or questionable about the doctor’s methods, until the story further develops. The doctor contains his professionalism, but as it goes on, pieces of frustrated irregularities begin to surface. As the doctor learns that the parents say no, that the girl says she doesn’t have a sore throat, he purs... ...der what motive? He had to justify his motives, perhaps to add some morality to ensure what he was doing was ethical. He would flip that thought, perhaps to try and downplay his desire to unleash his violent frustration onto the girl. He ultimately saved Mathilda’s life in a sense, but under which motive? I believe the this is the question William Carlos Williams’ The Use of Force has the reader ask themselves. Under a emergency situation the human condition can be torn between a code of ethics or a dominance of dark desire. No doubt in The Use of Force, the end of the situation turned out well as the girl could be saved, but the method to find out was ambiguous. How well would the case between doing the right thing and doing what you desire turn out in any other situation? I believe this is the question that William Carlos Williams wanted the reader to think about.

The Role Of The Front Office :: essays research papers

The Role of The Front Office A security program is most effective when all employees participate in the hotel's security efforts. Front office staff play a paticularly important role. Front desk agent, door attendants, bellpersons, and parking attendantshave the oppurtunity to observe all persons entering or departing the premises. Suspicious activities or circumstances involving a guest or visitor should be reported to the hotel's security department or a designated staff member. Several procedures front desk agents should use to protect guests and property have already been mentioned. For example, front desk agents should never give keys, room numbers, messages, or mail to anyone requesting them without first requiring appropriate identification. Similiarly, the front desk agent should not announce an arriving guest's room number. Guest's may be further proteceted if the front office prohibits staff members frrom providing guest information to callers or visitors. Generally, front desk agent should not mention guest room numbers. People calling guest's at the hotel should be directly connected to the appropriate guestroom without being informed of the room number. Conversely, someone asking for a specific room number over the telephone should never be connected until the caller identifies whom he or she is calling and the hotel employee verifies the identity of the person in the room requested. A person inquiring at the front desk about a guest may be asked to use the house phones so that they connect only to the hotel operator. The caller can then be properly screened to provideadditional security. Front office staff may also inform guest's of personal precautions they may take. For example, front desk agents may suggest that guests hide and secure any valuables left in their cars.

Coiled Tubing

E N H A N C I N G PRODUCTIVITY Coiled Tubing Solutions Solve Downhole Problems With Reliable, Cost-Effective Technology Baker Oil Tools Coiled Tubing Handbook The global oil and gas industry is using coiled tubing for an ever-increasing array of well intervention projects. Coiled tubing offers a number of operational and economic advantages, including: live well intervention, elimination of well kill and potentially damaging heavy-weight kill ? uids, reduced operational footprint, horizontal intervention, and the ability to intervene without a rig. These advantages have led to the development of truly ? -for-purpose coiled tubing systems from the industry’s largest provider of coiled tubing well intervention solutions – Baker Oil Tools. Baker Oil Tools offers its clients an unparalleled selection of coiled-tubing-conveyed intervention products, services and solutions with which to approach individual well requirements. This handbook was developed to help our clients det ermine which systems and services will best meet the needs of a particular application. For that reason, we have designed the handbook to highlight system capabilities within eight distinct intervention areas where coiled tubing can offer a highly effective and cost-ef? ient alternative. These eight categories are: Well Cleaning, Fishing and Milling, Zone Isolation, Stimulation and Fracturing, Sand Control Completions, Flow Management, Plug and Abandonment, and Sidetracking and Re-entry. Coiled Tubing Well Coiled Tubing Sections Well Cleaning Sandtrap System . . . . Debris Catching . . . . Underreaming . . . . . Impact Drilling . . . . . Mechanical Scale Removal . High-Pressure Jet Washing . Vortech Pulsating Jetting Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 9 . 10 Well Cleaning Fishing and Milling Fishing and Milling Recovering Tools with Downhole Vibration Technology . . . . . Recovering Tools with Hydraulically Activated Fishing Tools . . . Recovering Coiled Tubing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Removing and Recovering Obstructions . . . . . . . . . . Cutting Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Milling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . METAL MUNCHER ® Milling Assembly with Magnetic Chip Catcher OPTICUTâ„ ¢ Mills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vortech Pulsating Bit Sub . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 11 12 14 16 17 18 20 21 22 Zone Isolation Zone Isolation Through Tubing . . Retrievable Bridge Plug Retrievable Packer . Straddle Systems . . Monobore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 23 24 25 26 27 Stimulation and Fracturing Stimulation and Fracturi ng 29 Through Tubing ISAP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 QUIK Drillâ„ ¢ Composite Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Retrievable Bridge Plug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Sand Control Completions Vent Screen System . . . . Squeeze-Pack System . . . Wash-Down System . . . . Circulating Gravel Pack System Sand Control Screens . . . . FRAQ PAQ Fluid Systems . . SM 35 Sand Control Completions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 37 38 39 40 43 . . . . . . . . . . . . Flow Management Increasing Gas Velocity While Reducing Water Production Velocity and Straddle Systems . . . . . . . . CTâ„ ¢ Tension Packer . . . . . . . . . . . . In? atable Straddle System . . . . . . . . . . Scale Inhibition . . . . . . . . . . . . . Production/Injection Logging . . . . . . . . . Selective-Zone Completion . . . . . . . . . . Shifting Sliding Sleeves . . . . . . . . . . . Nipple-Less Completion Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 46 47 49 50 50 51 52 53 54 Flow Management Plug and Abandonment Plug and Abandonment 57 In? atable Permanent Bridge Plug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Permanent Cement Retainer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Monobore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Sidetracking and Re-entry Slimhole Casing Exit Technology . . . Restricted-Bore Whipstock System . . Slimhole Milling Assemblies . . . . Open-Hole Completions . . . . . . Open-Hole Liner Systems . . . . . Coiled Tubing Drilling . . . . . . Drill Bits – Hughes Christensen Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Sidetracking and Re-entry 62 63 64 65 65 68 74 1 2 Well Cleaning A clean well bore is not only a prerequisite for trouble-free well testing and completion, it also helps ensure optimum production for the life of the well. Baker Oil Tools’ coiled-tubing-conveyed well cleaning solutions have long and highly successful track records. Well Cleaning Sandtrap System The Sandtrap System is a highly ef? cient method of cleaning out large volumes of sand or proppant from a wellbore where suf? cient annular velocity cannot be obtained to circulate the sand out conventionally using coiled tubing.The system incorporates jet pump technology and is powered by water or nitrogen. No foam is required. The Sandtrap System is extremely cost effective compared to alternatives where foam and chemicals are used. It is also extremely ef? cient and requires minimal time. The sand is removed as the tool is lowered, creating the space to continue the process. Production can be resumed immediately after cleanout. Clean wellbore ? uid enters throat and mixes with power ? uid The system comes in 5-3/4 in. and 3 in. OD sizes. Each application is ? ow modeled on an individual well basis.Key features and advantages †¢ Suitable for all sand / proppant types †¢ No foam system required for effective wellbore cleanout †¢ Water, nitrogen or mixture can be used as power ? uid †¢ Fast, ef? cient operation Return to wellbore via exit ports Case History North Sea Objective: A high volume of sand accumulated in a well causing decline in production. Bottomhole pressure in the well would not hold a ? uid column. The sand needed to be cleaned out of the well, with minimum shut-in time requested. CT Solution: A 5-3/4 in. OD Sandtrap System with extensions was chosen since a minimal amount of ? id would be introduced into the well and sand could be captured without circulating all the way up to surface, which would require a foam system. Result: The full 100% tool capacity was ? lled with sand during the ? rst two runs. During the third run only 73% of the capacity was ? lled, indicating that the sand in the well nearly emptied. This was con? rmed with the fourth run only recovering 0. 5 gallon of sand. A total of 265 gallons of sand was recovered during the operation. Sand ? ltered out Passes through gravel screen Check valve traps sand inside tool Wellbore ? uid drawn into tool Jet Pump Sand Cleanout System 3Debris Catching In wellbore cleanout situations where suf? cient annular velocity cannot be obtained to carry debris out of the wellbore, foam systems or nitri? ed ? uids can be used. A time- and cost-saving alternative is a debris catching system, which is used to remove various types of high-density debris and formation particles too heavy to be circulated to surface. Baker Oil Tools Solutions Baker’s Rotary Venturi Cleanout System consists of a Venturi Jet Junk Basket (VJJB) and Navi-Drill ® Workover Motor. Typically a VJJB is run alone but can be run with a motor to break up compacted debris that is too heavy to ci rculate to surface.The jet basket uses the venturi principle to create a pressure drop inside the tool. Extension barrels can be inserted in the tool to increase its solids carrying capacity. Key features and advantages †¢ Fully closed ? nger or ? utter catchers †¢ Can be run with any type of dressed shoe †¢ Adjustable reservoir through extensions †¢ Adjustable nozzles to accommodate various ? ow rates Motorhead Assembly Navi-Drill Workover Motor Venturi Jet Junk Basket A Venturi Jet Junk Basket (VJJB) with a dressed shoe can be run in conjunction with a Navi-Drill ® Workover Motor to break up compacted debris that is too heavy to circulate to surface. 4Underreaming An underreamer is designed to pass through a downhole restriction, open, clean the hole to full gauge, and close for retrieval back through the restriction. The restriction is typically in the production tubing string, in the form of nipple pro? les, mandrels, and other completion accessories. In we ll cleaning the most common underreaming task is removing cement left from coiled tubing squeeze cementing. Leftover cement is typically the result of large cement nodes forming at the squeezed perforations, or cement hardening before the excess can be reversed out. These cement restrictions must be removed before re perforating.An underreamer is also used to clean out scale and hard ? ll that cannot be removed from liners by jet-washing tools. A mill could be used in these conditions, but the resulting hole size would be about the same as the internal drift of the tubing, leaving a sheath on the walls of the liner. This sheath could dislodge during subsequent operations, possibly resulting in stuck tools. Perforating would not be as ef? cient because the charges would have to expend energy penetrating the sheath before reaching the liner. Well Cleaning Production Tubing Coiled Tubing Connector Lockable Swivel Baker Oil Tools SolutionsDual Back Pressure Valve The DBâ„ ¢ Underream er has proven highly successful in removing cement, packed sand, resin-coated sand, formation and other forms of obstructions. Unlike other slimhole underreamers, the DB Underreamer is designed with a positive locking feature to ensure all cutting blades maintain a full extension upon activation and during an underreaming operation. A proprietary software program models ? ow and operational characteristics of the DB Underreamer prior to each job and during ? eld operations. The program aids in determining appropriate ori? ce size to maximize the ef? ciency of allowable hydraulic power.Key features and advantages †¢ Adjustable nozzles for all ?ow ports †¢ Pressure indication on surface when arms are fully extended †¢ Sturdy construction for downhole reliability †¢ Designed to underream cased or open hole †¢ Positive locking of arms when activated Thru-Tubing Dual Actuated Circulating Valve Non-Rotating Stabilizer Navi-Drill X-treme Workover Motor Case History North Sea Objective: Remove cement from a 7 in. 29. 00 lb/ft liner which was left partly cemented to a total depth of 13,600 ft. Due to a 3. 695 in. restriction in the completion, a conventional fullbore milling assemby could not be run. DB UnderreamerCT Solution: A 3 in. OD DBâ„ ¢ Underreamer with lower bit box was used in combination with a 3. 35 in. turbo mill. This system was chosen because of the plug form of the cement. Cement Casing Result: The underreamer used in combination with the turbo mill successfully milled 1,118 ft of cement in a single run. Using water and high viscous pills, an average rate of penetration (ROP) of 74. 50 ft/hr was achieved. DBâ„ ¢ Underreamer Assembly 5 Impact Drilling Downhole conditions such as high temperatures (above 400 ° F) and hostile ? uids can signi? cantly reduce the life of a workover motor and limit milling operations.Impact drill systems are an attractive alternative because they perform reliably in adverse conditions. The mos t common applications of the impact drill include scale milling, hard cement milling, resin sand removal, and gravel removal. Motorhead Assembly Baker Oil Tools Solutions Baker Oil Tools’ Single-Directional Impact Drill (Si-Di) is used to drill hard packed sand and cement, remove scale and drive debris downhole. The industry-leading impact drill can function as a standard impact hammer, or by applying a modular rotational feature, as a rotating impact drill. It has been speci? ally designed for use on coiled tubing but can be used on threaded pipe in conjunction with an accelerator. Fluid, gas, or foam power the tool, which can operate in temperatures over 600 °F. Single-Directional Impact Drill Key features and advantages †¢ Does not operate until the bit meets resistance †¢ Does not store reverse torque †¢ Can operate in high temperatures (above 600 °F) †¢ Operates with most ? uid media including high volumes of nitrogen †¢ Short make-up length †¢ Can be equipped to operate in hostile conditions †¢ Low redress costs (not constructed of elastomers) HIPP-TRIPPER Accelerator Weight BarCase History North Sea Objective: Barium sulfate scale needed to be removed from a well which had a restricted tool-string deployment height of 11 ft. This ruled out using a conventional positive displacement motor and underreamer assembly. CT Solution: A 2-5/8 in. OD Si-Di Impact Drill equipped with a Cut Button Bit was deployed with a conventional motorhead assembly. Overall assembly length was 9 ft. Result: The assembly successfully drilled out approximately 210 ft of barium sulfate scale at an average rate of 61 ft/hour. The cleanout yielded a 96% increase in oil production in the 7 in. monobore completion.Si-Di HIPP-TRIPPER Impact Drill Cut Button Bit A well cleaning bottomhole assembly incorporating a Si-Di Impact Drill in combination with a Cut Button Bit for scale removal or hard formation drilling. 6 Mechanical Scale Removal R emoving scale is one of the most common through-tubing applications on coiled tubing. Although various other methods of scale removal have been attempted, mechanical methods have yielded by far the most consistent success rate. Well Cleaning Baker Oil Tools Solutions Baker Oil Tools’ METAL MUNCHER ® Turbo Scale Mill has proven to be the most effective of all options for scale removal.A typical Baker Oil Tools scale removal bottomhole assembly (BHA) consists of a Turbo Scale Mill run below the industry-leading NaviDrill ® X-treme ® Workover Motor. The cutting matrix and layout of the Turbo Scale Mill face have been optimized for this setup. The mill has a smaller contact area when milling, which reduces torque consumption. As a result, there are fewer motor stalls and rate of penetration (ROP) is increased. Stabilizer pads and brass dressed on top of the METAL MUNCHER inserts minimize the risk of damaging the tubing or casing wall.The mill is dressed such that if the ini tial cutting edge breaks due to vibration or hardness of the scale, a second, lower, dressed layer will take over. This design has lengthened mill life per run and reduced trips to surface during extended milling operations, while the improved ef? ciency has increased cost savings through reduction in overall intervention time. Baker’s METAL MUNCHER ® Turbo Scale Mill has proven to be the most effective of all scale removal options. Key features and advantages (Navi-Drill ® X-treme ® Workover Motor) †¢ Higher rates of penetration †¢ Extended run times †¢ Reduced milling times †¢ Minimal ? w rates required to achieve maximum horsepower †¢ Controlled rotational speed protects cutting matrix †¢ Increased reliability in high-stress applications †¢ Successful operation in downhole temperatures above 400 ° F 7 Case History North Sea Objective: The operator required ef? cient removal of scale from a 14,400 ft well consisting consisting of 4 -1/2 in. 13. 50 lb/ft tubing and 7 in. 35. 00 lb/ft liner. Wellbore ? uids were known to be hostile with a history of causing severe damage to conventional workover motor stators. The operation was to be performed from a lower deck with restricted height available for tool-string deployment.CT Solution: A reduced length 2. 88 in. OD Navi-Drill ® X-treme ® Workover Motor was proposed in conjunction with a 3. 61 in. OD METAL MUNCHER ® Turbo Scale Mill. The reduced length assembly could be deployed within the restricted riser height. Result: The hard scale was successfully removed from the 4-1/2 in. tubing using the Turbo Scale Milling Assembly. The same motor was again deployed in conjunction with a DBâ„ ¢ Underreamer to successfully remove scale from the 7 in. liner. Job time for both trips was less than 14 hours, with no ? uid damage caused to the X-treme Motor stator.Top No-Go Tubing Nipple Coiled Tubing Connector Lockable Swivel Dual Back Pressure Valve Universal Hydrauli c Disconnect Thru-Tubing Dual Actuated Circulating Valve Non-Rotating Stabilizer Navi-Drill X-treme Workover Motor Turbo Scale Mill A typical Baker scale removal bottomhole assembly (BHA) consists of a Turbo Scale Mill run below the industry-leading Navi-Drill  ® X-treme  ® Workover Motor. 8 High-Pressure Jet Washing Wellbore cleaning solutions also include a variety of high-pressure jet washing tools. These tools are used for sand, paraf? n, asphaltine or scale cleanouts.High-pressure jet washing tools are also highly effective for cleaning completion accessories such as nipples, gas lift mandrels and screens where mechanical means are limited. Well Cleaning Coiled Tubing Connector Baker Oil Tools Solutions Lateral entry and washing Dual Back Pressure Valve Baker Oil Tools offers an extensive array of tools that can be used as accessories for standard milling and ? shing assemblies. The Hydraulic Indexing Tool enables a BHA to rotate in 30 ° increments with high torque. The H ydraulic Bent Sub is designed to provide a means of hydraulically â€Å"kicking over† a tool string for entry into laterals or for ? hing applications. The High-Flow Spinning Wash Tool is used to ef? ciently wash sand and debris. Key features and advantages †¢ Kick-over force is easily controllable by hydraulic pressure differential †¢ Positive rotational control when used with indexing tool †¢ High speed rotation spinning wash tool †¢ May be run with a variety of ? uids Universal Hydraulic Disconnect Indexing Tool Hydraulic Bent Sub Spinning Wash Tool A lateral wash assembly consisting of a Hydraulic Indexing Tool, a Hydraulic Bent Sub and a High-Flow Spinning Wash Tool. 9Vortech Pulsating Jetting Tool The Vortech Pulsating Jetting Tool effectively cleans out the wellbore or stimulates the reservoir using the ? uidic oscillating principle. A vortex is formed inside the tool, which produces oscillating pulses upon exiting. These pulses produce sonic stress waves that have a far greater effective range than a common jetting nozzle. Non-damaging cleanout of complex and delicate structures such as downhole screens, installations, gas lift mandrels, and sliding sleeves is possible because the cleaning radius is not limited by tool standoff.Key features and advantages †¢ No moving parts †¢ Pulsates any ? uid, gas, or mixture such as nitrogen, water and/or acid †¢ Produces sonic stress waves so cleaning radius is not limited by tool geometry †¢ Effectively stimulates the reservoir †¢ Available ? ush with coiled tubing OD Internal Coiled Tubing Connector Coiled Tubing Case History Texas Objective: To remove barium sulfate scale from the production tubing and perforated interval in a gas well where previous bailer attempts were unsuccessful. Production in the well had steadily declined to 140 Mcf/day and 600 psi wellhead pressure.CT Solution: A 1-1/4 in. OD Vortech Pulsating Jetting Tool on 1-1/4 in. OD coiled tubing was selected to clean out the barium sulfate scale. To ensure the ? ll would return to surface and reduce the hydrostatic pressure acting on the reservoir, a water / nitrogen mixture was used. Result: The cyclic stress waves generated by the action created by the Vortech Pulsating Jetting Tool, combined with the water medium, broke up the scale. The scale was successfully removed and production increased to 5 MMscf with a 2,600 psi wellhead pressure. Dual Back Pressure ValveVortech Pulsating Jetting Tool Wellbore Cleanout and Reservoir Stimulation 10 Fishing and Milling Recovering Tools with Downhole Vibration Technology When ? shing on coiled tubing for devices stuck in hole, hydraulic jars are typically used as means of providing impact force to free the device. The drawback is that the pipe must be cycled over the gooseneck multiple times to ? re and reset the jar. Downhole vibration technology places impact energy right where the device is stuck and frees it quickly, even from deep or deviated wells. Coiled Tubing ConnectorFishing and Milling Baker Oil Tools Solutions Dual Back Pressure Valve Universal Hydraulic Disconnect Non-Rotating Stabilizer Unlike conventional jars, Baker’s Bi-Directional Vibratory Jar (Bi-Di) delivers the energy of the impact immediately above the ? sh. The Bi-Di is used extensively in ? shing operations to deliver both upward and downward impact up to 1,000 times per minute. This high-frequency jarring action, combined with a constant overpull, is similar to the action created by a vibratory extractor, which is a highly effective method of extracting sand-compacted ? h. The Bi-Directional Vibratory Jar is especially effective for installing and removing equipment in horizontal and highly deviated wells. Because the tool resets and activates itself with the aid of pumped ? uid, cycling the coiled tubing is eliminated, which extends its life. In addition to functioning as an excellent alternative to jarring, the vibratory jar can be used to shift sliding sleeves, swage open collapsed tubing, break ceramic or glass disks, and retrieve wireline tools in deviated wells. Key features and advantages †¢ May be operated using gas/foam/? id including nitrogen †¢ Temperature rated up to 600 °F †¢ Compatible with highly deviated/horizontal wellbore applications †¢ Can circulate while going in the hole †¢ Eliminates cycling of pipe Bi-Di HIPP-TRIPPER Vibratory Jar Case History Gulf of Mexico Objective: A G-Stop Plug installed above a gravel pack screen needed to be removed. Numerous wireline and coiled tubing overpull and jarring methods had been unsuccessful in removing the plug. Hydraulic Releasing Spear CT Solution: Deploy a 2-1/8 in. Bi-Directional Vibratory Jar to retrieve the G-Stop. Result: G-Stop was retrieved in 18 minutes of on-bottom time.Bi-Directional Vibratory Fishing BHA 11 Recovering Tools with Hydraulically Activated Fishing Tools Most types of conventional spears and ov ershots can be conveyed on coiled tubing. These include standard basket and spiral-type overshots, kelo sockets, mousetrap overshots, and releasing spears. However, these types of tools cannot be released conventionally because coiled tubing cannot be rotated. If these tools are run on coiled tubing and the ? sh cannot be retrieved after latching the overshot, a hydraulic disconnect farther up the tool string must be activated.This leaves additional tools in the hole. To avoid this situation, it is advisable to run hydraulic releasing spears and overshots before running conventional types of spears and overshots when ? shing using coiled tubing. Baker Oil Tools Solutions Baker’s Hydraulic Releasing Spears and Overshots are designed speci? cally for coiled tubing ? shing operations. The overshot is used to catch either external ? shnecks or slick ODs, and the spear is used in internal ? shnecks or slick IDs. Hydraulic Releasing Spears and Overshots for ? shneck pro? les are dr essed with a collet designed to ? a speci? c ? shneck type. Overshots and spears designed to catch slick ? shnecks are dressed with a grapple-type collet in the speci? c catch range size required. For ? shing in larger-diameter wellbores, Baker Oil Tools' patented hydraulic release ? shing tools have been designed to allow engagement of a ? sh with an internal or external ? shing neck. These tools were designed speci? cally for coiled tubing or threaded pipe operations where no rotation is possible. Key features and advantages †¢ Designed speci? cally for coiled tubing conveyance †¢ Ability to circulate ? id out of the end of the tool provides a means of washing debris or ? ll from the ? shneck to allow proper latching †¢ Collet-style grapple does not get loaded during jarring operation; grapple section that catches the ? sh is in compression when pulling or jarring on the ? sh Indexing Tool Motorhead Assembly Hydraulic Knuckle Joint Hydraulic Release Overshot A Baker Oil Tools Hydraulic Release Overshot is combined in a bottomhole assembly with other hydraulically actuated tools to enable ? shing through tubing in a larger bore. This BHA can locate a small ? hing neck in a larger bore by activating the Indexing Tool and the Hydraulic Bent Sub to systematically search the larger bore and engage the ? sh. 12 Internal Fishing Necks Size Max 1-1/4 1-1/2 2 2-1/2 3 3-1/2 4 5 7 . 90 1. 08 1. 40 1. 83 2. 33 2. 64 3. 14 4. 02 5. 38 A (In. ) Min . 88 1. 06 1. 38 1. 81 2. 31 2. 62 3. 12 4. 00 5. 40 Max 1. 05 1. 24 1. 58 1. 99 2. 52 2. 83 3. 33 4. 21 5. 62 B (In. ) Min 1. 03 1. 22 1. 56 1. 97 2. 50 1-1/2 2. 81 3. 31 4. 19 5. 64 2 3 2. 81 3. 38 4. 19 5. 60 2. 78 3. 35 4. 16 5. 64 1 1. 38 2 C (In. ) D (In. ) E (In. ) Max 1. 03 1. 19 1. 62 1. 94 2. 50 F (In. ) Min 1. 0 1. 16 1. 59 1. 91 2. 47 Fishing and Milling E D C C MIN .50 70? 45? 30? 30? F A B A -. 010 +. 000 B -. 032 +. 000 D MIN .03 R . 06 X 45 Internal Fishing Necks .06 R External Fishing Necks Exter nal Fishing Necks Min tubing size in which neck may be run (In. ) 1. 660 Pulling Tool A (In. ) B (In. ) C (In. ) D (In. ) Otis 1-3/16 RB 1-5/16 SM* 1-1/4 RB* 1-1/2 RB* 1-1/2 RB* 1-1/2 SB 2 RB* 2 SB 2-1/2 RB* 2-1/2 SB 3 RB* 3 SB Camco 1-1/4 JDC* 1-5/16 JDC* 1-3/8 JDC* 1-1/2 JDC* 1-1/2 JUC 2 JDC* 2 JUC 2-1/2 JDC* 2-1/2 JUC 3 JDC* 3 JUC .875 .688 2-3/4 1-5/16 1. 660 1. 000 .813 2-3/4 1-7/16 1. 900 1. 188 1. 000 -1/4 1-1/2 2-3/8 1. 375 1. 188 2-3/8 1-15/16 2-7/8 1. 750 1. 500 2-1/4 2-3/8 3-1/2 2. 313 2. 063 2-1/4 2-7/8 * These dimensions are based on using the pulling tools (overshots) most commonly found on wireline service trucks. They are the Otis RB, RS, SB, and SS, and the Camco JDC, JUC, JDS, and JUS. The RB, RS, JUC, and JUS are all jar-up release tools, and the others are jar-down to release. The minimum recommended distance to allow an Otis SB or Camco JDC pulling tool to release. Fishing neck type size sometimes referred to by â€Å"A† dimension. The least recommended d iameter immediately surrounding the ? hing neck to allow the overshot dogs room to latch and unlatch. Camco is a trademark of Schlumberger; Otis is a registered trademark of Halliburton. 13 Recovering Coiled Tubing When coiled tubing parts in tension, it â€Å"necks† down over several inches at the point where it parted. It is possible for overshots to engage the top of the parted section, but engaging parted coiled tubing can be dif? cult because of residual helix and spring in the coil itself. When coiled tubing parts are in compression, it typically buckles and bends over to form a â€Å"shepherd's hook† shape.A compression failure normally requires dressing the coiled tubing using a washover shoe before running tools such as a Snipper or Continuous Tubing Overshots. Baker Oil Tools Solutions The Snipper Overshot is used to remove the damaged top section of parted coiled tubing remaining in the hole. A catch and cutting mechanism in the overshot washes over the top of the coiled tubing. Once the required amount of coiled tubing (typically 5 to 10 ft) is â€Å"swallowed†, overpull is applied, which forces the catch grapple to bite into the coiled tubing. This overpull may be suf? cient to free the ? h. If not, the overpull is increased to activate the lower cutting grapple, which cuts the coiled tubing. Once the snipper has been run, a round ? shneck with a non-restricted ID remains to allow passage of a chemical cutter should one be required later in the ? shing operation. The Snipper Overshot has also been used as a primary retrieval tool to recover several thousand feet of coiled tubing in a single trip. The Continuous Tubing Overshot (CTO) is used to catch coiled tubing that has parted in the hole. The CTO uses an internal grapple sized to the coiled tubing being ? shed.The grapple segments are arranged in a circumference to provide a nearly complete slip bite. They are springloaded against the coiled tubing, so long sections of tubi ng can be washed over without dragging the grapple teeth against the tubing and causing tooth damage. The CTO moves freely downward over the coiled tubing. The grapple segments engage with any upward movement of the tool. The CTO can be run with either threaded tubing or coiled tubing workstrings when ? shing coiled tubing. Sometimes circulating ? uids out around the coiled tubing being ? shed can help to free it.In these cases, a High Pressure Packoff (HPP) is run above the CTO. The HPP can also allow drop balls to be circulated to seat in circulation subs and hydraulic disconnect tools in the original BHA. Actuation of these tools can also help to free the stuck tubing. Key features and advantages †¢ Modular design for multiple sizes of coiled tubing †¢ Snipper retrieves coiled tubing above cut in same trip †¢ May be run on threaded or coiled tubing †¢ High Pressure Packoff allows high pressure circulation through a ? sh Cut and retrieve Coiled Tubing using a S nipper Overshot. 14Case History Algeria Objective: Poor cement quality in a well created problems in setting a cement kickoff plug, which resulted in 2 in. coiled tubing being cemented in the well. The cemented coiled tubing had to be removed so the completion could be recovered. CT Solution: A Baker Oil Tools Snipper Overshot was deployed to cut and retrieve the coiled tubing which was cemented on the inside. Result: On the ? rst run of the Snipper Overshot, 1,115 ft of 2 in. CT was successfully recovered with no problems. The ? nal foot of recoverable CT was recovered on the second run.The remaining section of CT was below the existing completion, so the operator was able to remove the entire completion. Fishing and Milling 15 Removing and Recovering Obstructions Breaking completion obstructions such as knock-out isolation valves (KOIV) using an impact hammer and ceramic disk breaker is common practice on coiled tubing. Traditionally the debris is removed with a debris catching de vice on a subsequent run. However, Baker Oil Tools offers a safe, reliable, one-trip solution. Coiled Tubing Connector Baker Oil Tools SolutionsBaker’s Single-Directional Impact Drill (Si-Di) is used to drill hard packed sand and cement, remove scale and drive debris downhole. The industry-leading impact drill can function as a standard impact hammer or, by applying a modular rotational feature, as a rotating impact drill. It has been speci? cally designed for use on coiled tubing but can be used on threaded pipe in conjunction with an accelerator. Fluid, gas, or foam power the tool, which can operate in temperatures over 600 °F. The Si-Di can also be run with a Venturi Jet Junk Basket to allow wellbore obstructions to be impacted and debris recovered in a single trip.Key features and advantages †¢ Does not operate until the bit meets resistance †¢ Does not store reverse torque †¢ Can operate in high temperatures (above 600 ° F) †¢ Operates with most ? uid media including high volumes of nitrogen †¢ Short make-up length †¢ Can be equipped to operate in hostile conditions †¢ Low redress costs (not constructed of elastomers) Dual Back Pressure Valve Hydraulic Jar FA Hydraulic Disconnect Case History Gulf of Mexico Objective: On an extremely challenging thru-tubing ? shing operation, where operational risk and cost had to be minimized, the following objectives were given; †¢ To break a pair of ceramic isolation ? ppers at 26,806 ft measured depth †¢ Ensure effective cleaning after breakage of the ? appers and any other debris encountered †¢ Shift a ? uid loss device at a depth of 27,090 ft MD CT Solution: The Si-Di HIPP-TRIPPER ®, Venturi Jet Junk Basket and custom bit were deployed in the same BHA to allow the ? appers to be broken, debris to be collected and the ? uid loss device to be shifted open, all in one trip. Extensive testing and prejob planning con? rmed the solution’s feasibility. R esult: Results of the operations performed are summarized as follows: †¢ The ? appers were broken, debris recovered and ? id loss valve shifted. †¢ Fewer trips reduced overall risk of the operation and saved the client an estimated $400,000 †¢ The job set a record working depth for coiled tubing in the Gulf of Mexico. Obstruction Removal and Recovery System Si-Di HIPP-TRIPPER Impact Drill Venturi Jet Junk Basket Special Shoe 16 Cutting Pipe Production Tubing Coiled Tubing Connector Dual Back Pressure Valve For many years, wireline-conveyed explosive jet and chemical cutters have been the preferred choice for cutting tubulars in slimhole wellbores. Baker Oil Tools offers a safe, ef? ient alternative in applications where explosive jet or chemical cutters are unable to provide suf? cient energy to cut single or multiple strings of pipe downhole. Baker Oil Tools Solutions The DBâ„ ¢ Cutter is safer than explosive or chemical cutting methods since it does not contain o r use any hazardous materials and is activated by hydraulic pressure and mechanical forces. Its superior cutting ability is proven by the fact that it has successfully cut internally plastic-coated drill pipe and production tubing containing 25% CR and has completed cuts through multiple strings of pipe with cement in between.The DB Cutter uses several unique cutting blade con? gurations that were designed speci? cally to address various metallurgical properties and dimensions. The cutting blades contain METAL MUNCHER ® cutting inserts, which were developed by Baker Oil Tools to mill and cut a variety of metals downhole at a high rate of penetration. METAL MUNCHER blades require less applied weight and less torque. They last longer; cuttings are small, uniform, and easy to circulate out. Each cutting insert is placed in a speci? c pattern to ensure that a new cutting element becomes exposed to the pipe wall when the previous insert diminishes.When cutting tubing using coiled tubin g as means of deployment, it is dif? cult to keep the knives of the cutting tool in a ? xed position, because the coiled tubing is moving when the pumps are started or when the pump rate is increased. The robust, self-stabilizing DB Cutter and a Navi-Drill ® V. I. P. â„ ¢ or X-treme ® Workover Motor in combination with the Hydraulic/Mechanical Tubing Anchor constitute the preferred bottomhole assembly for this type of application. Key features and advantages †¢ Self-stabilizing Fishing and Milling Universal Hydraulic DisconnectDual Actuated Circulating Sub Hydraulic Centralizer Navi-Drill V. I. P. Workover Motor DB Cutter †¢ Superior cutting ability from blades designed with METAL MUNCHER cutting inserts †¢ Safer than explosive or chemical cutting methods †¢ Limited maximum knife expansion prevents damage to outer casing strings Tubing Cut @ 7,290 ft Tubing Cut @ 7,661 ft Case History South America Objective: To perform a series of cuts in 4-1/2 in. 12. 75 lb/ft tubing which was stuck inside 9-5/8 in. casing due to a sand ? lled annulus. A tubing washover was not feasible due to wire and clamps being ? ed to the tubing OD. A previous chemical cutter attempt was unsuccessful. CT Solution: A 2-1/4 in. DB Cutter was deployed with a 2-1/8 in. OD Navi-Drill ® Workover Motor, Hydraulic Centralizer and standard running assembly. Result: Five cuts were made inside the tubing. Two of the cuts were completed in a single trip into the well. Although one of the ? ve cuts had penetrated 90% into the pipe, each cut was pulled successfully and no top dressing was required prior to latching with a ? shing overshot. Tubing Cut @ 7,943 ft Tubing Cut @ 8,255 ft Tubing Cut @ 8,537 ftCasing DBâ„ ¢ Cutter System, cutting production tubing with sensor wire clamped onto the outside 17 Milling Coiled tubing is used to mill materials such as scale, metal, cement and composite and cast-iron bridge plugs, as well as many forms of loose junk. When milling m etal, Baker Oil Tools’ ? shing calculations software helps calculate mill bit speeds to provide optimum milling performance. Fishing Calculations Software Baker Oil Tools Solutions Baker Oil Tools’ METAL MUNCHER ® Step Mill consists of a series of steps with a wear pad at the top of the largest OD step.Each step is dressed with tungsten carbide cutting inserts, and the length of each step is custom built to suit the dimensions of the nipple being enlarged. The step feature is designed to keep torque consumption of the workover motor low and cutting sizes to a minimum. This mill design is based in part on lathe-cutting principles and leaves a machine-like ? nish on the milled surface. The mill may be manufactured with a pilot for additional stabilization. Enlarging or removing nipple pro? les is usually performed during through-tubing operations where the ID of the nipple is less than the OD of tools required to pass through it.In many cases, the lower tailpipe nipple of the completion is removed to allow contingency ? shing tools access to the liner below. A pro? le-enlargement milling assembly includes the same BHA con? guration as a scale milling assembly, but with a different mill bit design. Step Mill Key features and advantages †¢ Low torque application †¢ Machine-like ? nish left on milled surface †¢ Will not damage outer string 18 Case History North Sea Objective: An operator in the UK sector of the North Sea required a 3. 688 in. ID nickel alloy â€Å"AR† Nipple to be milled out to 3. 75 in. ID to allow a Baker Oil Tools Coiled Tubing Straddle Assembly consisting of two 3. 70 in. OD Model KB Packers to be set below the nipple. Fishing and Milling CT Solution: Due to the extreme challenges presented by milling nickel alloy material, two special insert step mills were custom built for this application. The mills were deployed on 1-1/2 in. OD coiled tubing and powered by a 2-7/8 in. Navi-Drill ® Workover Motor. Resu lt: The nipple was milled to 3. 875 in. ID out in two runs as planned, with actual on-bottom milling time of 5-1/2 hours for both runs.The second mill drifted the nipple twice upon completion of milling and was measured in gauge upon inspection at surface. The KB straddle assembly could then be set below the nipple depth. 19 METAL MUNCHER ® Milling Assembly with Magnetic Chip Catcher On a milling job, a Magnetic Chip Catcher can be run above the motor to help remove cuttings from the well. The tool houses magnets that attract metal chips from the wellbore ? uid. This tool is ideal for use on coiled tubing, where annular ? uid velocities are too low to carry cuttings out of the well. The catcher is usually run directly above the motor.A centralizer is incorporated in the tool to stand it off the casing so cuttings will remain on the tool and not be scraped off while pulling out of the hole. Key features and advantages †¢ Helps keep metal cuttings out of mud system †¢ Magn ets are enclosed in housing for easy cutting removal †¢ Special centralizer feature to maintain standoff from casing Universal Hydraulic Disconnect Coiled Tubing Connector Dual Back Pressure Valve Case History Alaska Objective: The operator required approximately 80 ft of 2-7/8 in. 6. 40 lb/ft liner – cemented inside 4-1/2 in. 12. 0 lb/ft casing – to be milled and circulated out of the well. This would allow a whipstock to be set at a desired kickoff point and a dual exit window to be milled through 4-1/2 in. 12. 60 lb/ft and 7 in. 26. 00 lb/ft casing. CT Solution: A high-performance Navi-Drill ® X-treme ® Workover Motor was deployed on coiled tubing in combination with a custom-designed METAL MUNCHER ® Piranha Mill. Result: The required section of 2-7/8 in. liner was successfully removed in a total of 94 hours milling time. The monobore whipstock was subsequently set at the desired kickoff point and the window milled through two casing strings.Thru-Tubing F ishing Chip Catcher Dual Actuated Circulating Valve Navi-Drill X-treme Workover Motor METAL MUNCHER Junk Mill Milling Bottomhole Assembly with Chip Catcher 20 OPTICUT â„ ¢ Mills Baker Oil Tools’ OPTICUTâ„ ¢ Junk Mills are designed for milling debris where milling inserts are considered too aggressive. These mills effectively remove composite bridge plugs such as QUIK Drillâ„ ¢ plugs. While a single mill can remove an average of seven to ten composite bridge plugs before redress is required, as many as 14 plugs have been removed successfully using the same OPTICUTâ„ ¢ mill.OPTICUTâ„ ¢ dressed mills use the patented OPTICUTâ„ ¢ starshaped insert that is ideally suited to mud motors since it creates small cuttings and does not need high set-down weight to perform optimally. Baker Oil Tools offers a variety of sizes and con? gurations accommodating all common casing and tubing sizes. Key features and advantages †¢ Optimum shaped geometry assures sharp cutti ng edges and points are looking up no matter how the insert is positioned †¢ Sixteen cutting points and eight cutting edges OPTICUT â„ ¢ Star-Shaped Insert Fishing and Milling Sharp edges and points result in less weight requirement and increased rate of penetration (ROP) 21 Vortech Pulsating Bit Sub The Vortech Pulsating Bit Sub, when positioned between a workover motor and a mill, improves milling performance and aids in achieving higher rates of penetration. A vortex is formed inside the tool, which produces oscillating pulses. Upon exiting; these pulses produce sonic stress waves that have a far greater effective range than a common bit nozzle. Because pressure differential created across the bit sub is only 75 psi, the overall performance of the motor is not compromised.Higher penetration rates result from the higher impact pressure created from pulsing the jet stream and the reduction of the â€Å"hydraulic hold-down effect† on cuttings that is caused by straigh t jets. The Vortech Pulsating Bit Sub aids not only in breaking up hard, brittle material, but also in cleaning the bit and removing debris from the hole. Key features and advantages †¢ Pulsates any ? uid, gas, or mixture such as nitrogen, water, and/or acid †¢ Produces sonic stress waves so cleaning radius is not limited by tool geometry †¢ Increased penetration rate Motorhead Assembly Case History Texas Objective: Mill cement from inside a 2-7/8 in. ompletion, which was inadvertently set 2,500 ft too high. CT Solution: A Vortech Bit Sub along with a 1-11/16 in. OD workover motor and cement mill. Result: 1-11/16 in. workover motor and cement mill showed slow progress. When the Vortech Bit Sub was installed between the motor and mill, rate of penetration (ROP) increased by 40%. Navi-Drill X-treme Workover Motor Vortech Pulsating Bit Sub Turbo Scale Mill Scale Milling Assembly with Vortech Pulsating Bit Sub 22 Zone Isolation Through Tubing Zone isolation is one of the most common through-tubing well intervention operations where coiled tubing can add value.Through-tubing workover solutions can be carried out in ‘live’ well conditions, negating any requirements for costly and time-consuming well kill operations and eliminating the chances of irreparable wellbore damage that may result from using kill-weight ? uids. A through-tubing zonal isolation system can be engineered to provide a solution whether the zone in question is a lower zone, an intermediate zone or an upper zone. Baker Oil Tools Solutions Baker pioneered the development of reliable, high-expansion, Thru-Tubing In? atable Element Technology beginning in 1985.The most prevalent industry use of Thru-Tubing in? atable products and services has been in the area of zone isolation, with water shutoff ranking as the number one application. The versatility offered by a Thru-Tubing in? atable packing element allows for tools to be set in the most diverse range of wellbore environm ents, including cased hole, slotted pipe, perforations, open hole and screens. Our complete line of coiled tubing deployed in? atable products and services includes ? t-for-purpose, in-house-designed running and retrieving tools and our INFLATEDESIGNâ„ ¢ proprietary design software package.INFLATEDESIGN aids in the planning, engineering and implementation of our Thru-Tubing in? atable well intervention tools. The software enables structured gathering of relevant completion, reservoir, coiled tubing and post well intervention information which is used to generate an in? atable element performance envelope. This performance envelope identi? es the ability of the selected Thru-Tubing element to handle the required differential pressure conditions and enables the Baker Oil Tools operations engineer to make job set-up changes to minimize the effects of these conditions and optimize the results to the operator.Zone Isolation Section View of In? atable Element 3. 375 in. Inflatable Elem ent Performance Envelope for 6. 094 in. ID Standard Element -6000. 00 -4000. 00 -2000. 00 Below Element Pressure (psia) 0. 00 2000. 00 4000. 00 6000. 00 8000. 00 8000. 00 6000. 00 4000. 00 Above Element Pressure (psia) COND #1 2000. 00 0. 00 COND #2 -2000. 00 -4000. 00 -6000. 00 1600 psi Initial Inflate Pressure Cond. #1 Cond. #2 INFLATEDESIGNâ„ ¢ Element Performance Envelope 23 Retrievable Bridge Plug A Thru-Tubing Retrievable Bridge Plug may be used to plug off any part of the wellbore where a more temporary or temporary-to-permanent application is required.The Retrievable Bridge Plug is conveyed to setting depth via coiled tubing and set by means of applied coiled tubing pressure. After setting, the bridge plug is disconnected from the running string via a hydraulic release running tool. A high-expansion in? atable packing element may allow for expansion capabilities of greater than 350% and may support applied differential pressures of greater than 8,500 psi. The bridge plug may be retrieved with either coiled tubing or wireline and latched, equalized and released with a single trip in the hole. Key features and advantages †¢ No well kill required †¢ In? table packing element can be run through restrictions then seals effectively in larger ID below †¢ Single trip to equalize, release and retrieve reduces intervention costs †¢ External ? shing neck pro? le eliminates internal debris problems Coiled Tubing Slip Type Coiled Tubing Connector Dual Flapper Type Back Pressure Valve Ball Operated Secondary Hydraulic Release Case History Indonesia Objective: An operator in Indonesia needed to isolate a lower water-producing zone in 9-5/8 in. 47. 00 lb/ft casing through a minimum tubing restriction of 3. 13 in. CT Solution: A Baker Oil Tools 3. 00 in. OD Thru-Tubing In? table Retrievable Bridge Plug was run, set and disconnected from a setting depth of 8,470 ft and a deviation of 67?. Result: After returning the well to production, the water c ut was reduced from 12,000 bbls/day to 7,300 bbls/day while the production rate was increased from 1,400 bbls/day to 4,500 bbls/day. Thru-Tubing In? atable Permanent Bridge Plug. Please refer to Page 58. Thru-Tubing In? atable Permanent Cement Retainer. Please refer to Page 59. Nipple Pro? le Locator Ball Operated Circulation Valve In? ation Valve Hydraulic Disconnect Running Tool Retrievable Bridge Plug CT Isolation of Lower Zones Using a Thru-Tubing In? table Retrievable Bridge Plug 24 Retrievable Packer The Thru-Tubing In? atable Retrievable Packer is a high-expansion retrievable packer designed to carry out various workover operations in a through-tubing environment. Zonal isolation with a packer is typically performed on either a lower or intermediate zone. For lower zone applications, the packer is used to protect the upper zones from the cement or chemical shut-off treatment performed through the coiled tubing. The Thru-Tubing In? atable Packer is conveyed to setting depth vi a coiled tubing, set, treating operations conducted, equalized and retrieved in a single trip in hole.For intermediate zone isolation, the packer will more than likely be used in conjunction with a Thru-Tubing Retrievable In? atable Bridge Plug. Here the bridge plug will be set below the zone of interest and the packer positioned above the zone of interest. Now coiled tubing treatment operations can be performed selectively to the required isolation zone. Coiled Tubing Slip Type Coiled Tubing Connector Zone Isolation Fluid Loading Valve Key features and advantages †¢ Selective treatment eliminates damage to productive zones Dual Flapper Type Back Pressure Valve One-trip system reduces intervention costs †¢ Coiled tubing stays attached so recovery concerns are minimized †¢ Integral packer equalization negates potentially damaging CT forces Ball Operated Secondary Hydraulic Release Tension Operated Equalizing/ Circulating Valve Retrievable Packer Selective Zonal Treatme nt Using Thru-Tubing In? atable Retrievable Packer 25 Straddle Systems Baker Oil Tools has designed a number of Thru-Tubing In? atable Straddle Systems with different geometries to offer clients a solution to zonal isolation requirements where isolation of either an upper or intermediate zone is required.Both permanent and retrievable systems are available with design criteria that optimize the ratio of straddle ID to straddle OD in order to minimize restrictions for either production or injection through the zone of isolation. These systems can be run as a single unit if coiled tubing lubricator restrictions will allow, or more commonly, in sections. When running a modular system, the straddle system is effectively assembled downhole via multiple coiled tubing runs using a releasable and sealable snap latch mechanism to couple the straddle sections together in the wellbore.To date the longest straddle placed in a producing environment using this technology was in excess of 1,800 ft . The straddle system may also incorporate ? ow control devices such as nipples and sliding sleeves, and can be blank pipe or sand screen depending on isolation requirements. Key features and advantages †¢ Maximizing straddle OD/ID ratio minimizes pressure drop and may allow the potential of future through-straddle intervention work †¢ Straddle length is not limited by lubricator constraints †¢ Availability of exotic alloys means intervention straddle can meet completion metallurgy selection criteriaCompletion Case History UK Objective: A well in the UK sector of the North Sea required isolation of an upper gas producing zone in 7 in. 29. 00 lb/ft L-80 casing below a 4. 313 in. minimum restriction. The zone in question was perforated from 14,622 ft to 14,724 ft. A differential pressure capability of 6,000 psi was required. CT Solution: A 4-1/4 in. OD x 2. 25 in. ID Thru-Tubing Permanent In? atable Straddle System was run in two sections. The total straddle length was 168 ft with a 2-7/8 in. 6. 40 lb/ft straddle pipe used.Result: After straddle installation, the lower oil producing zone was perforated through the straddle and the well brought back on line with produced ? uids in excess of 20,000 bbls per day. This in? atable straddle system was maintained in a producing environment for more than seven years. In? atable Straddle Acidizing Packer (ISAPâ„ ¢). Please refer to Page 30. Snap Latch Upper Receptacle Upper Straddle Element Interval Spacing Lower Straddle Element Wireline Entry Guide Intermediate Zonal Isolation Using Thru-Tubing In? atable Straddle System 26 MonoboreWith coiled-tubing-conveyed systems, zone isolation in a monobore well intervention operation does not require costly kill-weight ? uids that can irreversibly damage the formation. Not using kill-weight ? uids allows the effective treatment of zones that require fracturing operations in a wide range of injection pressures. A monobore zone isolation system can be targeted to provide a solution whether the treatment of the zone is in a lower, intermediate or upper portion of the wellbore. Baker Oil Tools provides a one-trip, coiled-tubing-conveyed system for single zone isolation in monobore environments.Baker Oil Tools Solutions The Model N-1â„ ¢ Cast Iron Bridge Plug is a high-performance, drillable bridge plug suitable for almost any zone isolation operation. The plug is constructed from select materials that provide a combination of strength and drillability. The CTâ„ ¢ Hydraulic Setting Tool and Model N-1 Bridge Plug are designed to be run and hydraulically operated on coiled tubing. No rotation is required to operate the system, which makes it ideal for coiled tubing applications in highly deviated wells.When running the Model N-1, the CT Setting Tool allows the operator to spot cement on top of the bridge plug and/or circulate the hole clean prior to pulling out of the well. Key features and advantages †¢ Construction of drillable mate rials allow coiled tubing deployed downhole mills and motors to easily remove the bridge plug should it be necessary to do so for future operations †¢ Drill-out time is minimized †¢ Swab-resistant element design allows faster run-in speed Model WGâ„ ¢ Retrievable Bridge Plug. Please refer to Page 34. CT Setting Tool. Please refer to Page 60.The CTâ„ ¢ Service Packer is a compact, economical, retrievable packer designed for use in coiled tubing applications. The CT Packer is a multiple-set-and-release packer that operates ef? ciently with an â€Å"auto-J† mechanism actuated from the surface by axial movement of the coiled tubing, which makes the packer easy to set and release. The emergency shear release values can be adjusted for downhole conditions and pull capabilities. Key features and advantages †¢ Short and compact †¢ Uses an easy-to-operate â€Å"auto-J† mechanism for multiple set and release †¢ Adjustable emergency shear releaseZon e Isolation Model CTâ„ ¢ Tension Set Service Packer 27 28 Stimulation and Fracturing Conveying stimulation and fracturing systems on coiled tubing allows these operations to be carried out in a â€Å"live† well, so there is no need for a costly and time consuming well kill and no chance of irreparable wellbore damage from the use of kill-weight ? uids. Through Tubing ISAP We pioneered the development of high-expansion, Thru-Tubing In? atable Element Technology beginning in 1985. The versatility offered by a Thru-Tubing In? table Packing Element allows for service tools to be set in the most diverse range of wellbore environments, including cased hole, slotted pipe, perforations, open hole and screens. Our complete line of coiled-tubing-deployed in? atable products and services includes ? t-for-purpose, in-house designed running and retrieving tools. The product line is complemented by our proprietary INFLATEDESIGNâ„ ¢ software package which aids in both job planning and execution. Baker Oil Tools Solutions Baker Oil Tools’ In? table Straddle Acidizing Packer (ISAPâ„ ¢) System is a unique, through-tubing, coiledtubing-conveyed well intervention system that provides a versatile and reliable method for accurate and selective ? uid placement. The ISAP System is particularly suited to such applications as water shutoff, chemical treatments, screen washing, leak testing and injection testing. Stimulation operations predominantly by means of acid have proven to be the most requested operation for the ISAP System. The system is particularly valuable in mature ? lds where reservoirs are depleted and production of undesirable ? uids is increasing. 2. 50 in. OD In? atable Element in 7. 00 in. OD Pipe Stimulation and Fracturing The ISAP System uses resettable elements that allow for multiple settings in a single coiled tubing trip with variable element spacing to allow for true selectivity. Several unique features ensure the highest degree of reliab ility. Additionally, because the ISAP System was designed for coiled tubing deployment, it requires no set-down weight to operate, making it ideal for highly deviated and horizontal wellbore applications.Key features and advantages †¢ Resettable operation allows single trip multiple zone settings †¢ No exposed control line; all plumbing is internal to the system †¢ Integral injection control valve allows for de? ation against CT overbalance †¢ No locked-in in? ation pressure maximizes element longevity and negates detrimental element temperature effects †¢ No set-down weight required †¢ De? ation of tool system to the annulus †¢ Stimulation ? uid maintained in CT between sets to eliminate loss of expensive chemicals 29 Case History South America Objective: The operator required a stimulation treatment on a perforated interval at 15,750 ft in a 7. 0 in. 32. 00lb/ft liner through a 5. 95 in. ID safety valve at 285? F. CT Solution: The ISAPâ„ ¢ too l dressed with two 4. 25 in. OD nickel alloy style elements and 16 ft spacing was deployed into the wellbore supporting a maximum CT overbalance of 3,200 psi. Two sets of the system were undertaken with a treatment recipe consisting of solvent, diesel and 7. 5% HCL. Result: After retrieval of the CT BHA and ISAP tool string, the well was brought back on line with production ? gures showing an increase of 4,200 bbls per day, to 6,000 bbls per day. Coiled Tubing Slip Type Coiled Tubing ConnectorDual Flapper Type Back Pressure Valve Ball Operated Secondary Hydraulic Release ISAPâ„ ¢ Track Record †¢ Acid stimulation intervention achieved 22 sets in a single CT trip †¢ 2,000 bbls HCL pumped with a total of 12 sets in a single CT run at an inclination of 90? †¢ 1,000 bbl polymer gel water control chemical treatment †¢ Successful operation in sour gas environment at up to 24. 5% H2S and with aromatic solvents such as xylene †¢ MSAPâ„ ¢ (mechanical rather than in? atable version for monobore applications) developed and run on coiled tubing Thru-Tubing In? atable Retrievable Packer.Please refer to Page 25. Thru-Tubing Retrievable Bridge Plug. Please refer to Page 24. Injection Control Valve Nipple Pro? le Locator Spotting Valve Upper ISAP Element Treatment Control Valve Lower ISAP Element Flow Actuated Drain Valve Selective Treatment Operations Using In? atable Straddle Acidizing Packer System (ISAP â„ ¢) 30 QUIK Drillâ„ ¢ Composite Products From the heart of our Remedial & Stimulation product line comes stimulation and fracturing tools including retrievable bridge plugs, cast iron bridge plugs and the highly successful line of QUIK Drillâ„ ¢ Composite Products.Easily deployed, retrieved and removed on coiled tubing, R&S Products meet stimulation and fracturing needs that include low-pressure, low-temperature environments as well as high-pressure applications when needed. Baker Oil Tools Solutions Increased production, less forma tion damage, and less rig time are all possible with QUIK Drillâ„ ¢ Composite Products. No other company has more successful experience in designing and manufacturing downhole tools from composites. And no other company has as much experience in milling composites.Now, Baker Oil Tools has leveraged its leadership in these two areas to produce the QUIK Drill System, a revolutionary system of zone isolation tools that includes Composite Bridge Plugs and Composite Frac Plugs manufactured entirely of advanced, high-performance composite materials. QUIK Drill is the industry’s most comprehensive system of optimized composite zone isolation and milling tools – a powerful advantage over ordinary tools. The QUIK Drill System makes it possible to rapidly isolate and treat or test multiple zones, each with different bottomhole pressures, while dramatically lowering the risk of formation damage.QUIK Drill System components are available in many sizes and types. QUIK Drill Comp osite Bridge Plugs and Frac Plugs offer a cost-effective way to independently isolate and treat or test multiple zones of interest in a single wellbore. When treatment is complete, the QUIK Drill Plug can be quickly removed in an underbalanced environment, paying signi? cant dividends in increased production and reduced formation damage. The underbalanced removal is typically accomplished with coiled-tubing-deployed downhole motors and milling tools.Baker Oil Tools developed its QUIK Drill line of composite products for monobore, multi-zone well applications that do not require high expansion elements to provide zone isolation. QUIK Drill products save the operator time and money by enabling quick and easy installation and removal. While easily deployed on either standard electric-line- or coiled-tubing-conveyed Baker setting equipment, QUIK Drill Composite Bridge Plugs and Composite Frac Plugs can be removed in a fraction of the time required to mill traditional cast iron products, and with reduced formation damage.QUIK Drill Composite Products can be installed under pressure in multizone, commingled gas wells without expensive formation kill-weight ? uids. After remedial operations, the QUIK Drill Plugs are removed with coiled-tubing-conveyed milling equipment using low-viscosity milling ? uids that minimize formation damage and easily remove composite cuttings from the wellbore. This is especially important because of the low annular velocities characteristic of coiled tubing operations. The wellbore is left cleaner than those using cast iron plugs in similar perations. QUIK Drill Composite Products have been tested to withstand high pressures and temperatures without compromising their pressure integrity and without the need for a cement barrier on top of the plug. Field runs have demonstrated that QUIK Drill Composite Products can be milled in as little as thirty minutes, compared to two hours for milling conventional cast iron bridge plugs. Multi-zone, c ommingled gas wells Stimulation and Fracturing QUIK Drill â„ ¢ Composite Bridge Plug 31 sing as many as seven QUIK Drill Bridge Plugs have been brought back on production after taking only 12 hours to remove all of the QUIK Drill Plugs, including rig-up and rig-down of the coiled tubing unit. Field runs also indicate QUIK Drill Composite Products can be milled quickly when set at depths exceeding 19,000 ft. Typical Application for the QUIK Drillâ„ ¢ Composite Bridge Plug Operator’s Objective: Discretely treat two or more zones having varying bottomhole pressures (BHP) while minimizing formation damage.Solution: Use Baker Oil Tools’ QUIK Drillâ„ ¢ Composite Bridge Plug to isolate zones of interest and enable removal in an underbalanced environment. Procedure: Step 1 – Install QUIK Drill under pressure Step 2 – Perform treating operations Step 3 – Remove QUIK Drill with coiled tubing under pressure Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 1: BHP is 11. 4 l b/g

The 4p’s of Nike Marketing Plan

The 4P’s Of Nike Marketing Plan (i)Product †¢Nike offers a wide range of shoe, apparel and equipment products, all of which are currently its top-selling product categories. †¢Nike started selling sports apparel, athletic bags and accessory items in 1979. Their brand Cole Haan carries a line of dress and casual footwear and accessories for men, women and children. †¢Nike’s foremost focus is athletic footwear and apparels designed for sports and everyday usage with the brand name. †¢The production facilities are located close to the raw material to have low labor prices. New product offerings under the name of brand include sport balls, timepieces, eyewear, skates, bats, and other equipment designed for sports activities. †¢The most famous product categories of Nike includes running, basketball, cross-training, outdoor activities, tennis, golf, soccer, baseball, football, bicycling, volley ball, wrestling, cheerleading, aquatic activities and oth er athletic and recreational use. †¢Moreover, they also utilize the auxiliary bodies to sell te sports related raw materials and products including Cole Haan Holdings, Nike Team Sports, and Bauer Nike Hockey. ii)Price †¢Nike’s pricing is designed to be competitive to the other fashion shoe retailers. The pricing is based on the basis of premium segment as target customers. Nike as a brand commands high premiums. Nike’s pricing strategy makes use of vertical integration in pricing wherein they own participants at differing channel levels or take part in more than one channel level operations. This can control costs and influence product pricing. †¢The company has designed its pricing structure in a way to make it competitive to other shoe sellers. The price of the products is variable depending on the type and the size for example a comfortable and good pair of shoes would cost from 70 to 150 dollars. (iii)Placement †¢Nike shoes are carried by multi- brand stores and the exclusive. †¢Nike has its individual stores and also available at major malls and departmental stores selling shoes all over the globe. †¢They have more than 20000 retailers in United States and also in other 200 countries. †¢The companies also sell its products through individuals, auxilianes and licensees. The company has its own production units, customer services and operational units in all over the world. †¢Nike sells its products through independent distributors, licensees and subsidiaries. Independent distributors need not adapt to local pressures because the 4Ps of marketing are managed by distributors. (iv)Promotion †¢The company has used electronic media (commercials, official website of Nike and newspapers) to promote their brand. †¢Promotion is largely dependent on finding accessible store locations. It also avails of targeted advertising in the newspaper and creating strategic alliances. Many well known athletes have a lso worked for the advertisement of brank like Brazilian Soccer Team. †¢Nike also sponsors events such as Hoop It Up and The Golden West Invitational. Nike’s brand images, the Nike name and the trademark swoosh; make it one of the most recognizable brands in the world. †¢Nike’s brand power is one reason for its high revenues. Nike’s quality products, loyal customer base and its great marketing techniques all contribute to make the shoe empire a huge success. †¢The brands swoosh logo and image played an important role in its advertisement.